Before the Bare government collapsed, Somalia had a strong system of education in terms of curriculum. The curriculum was written in the Somali language, so it was easy because of the language. After 1991, the country faced a difficult situation. All sectors of life were destroyed quickly, including health, security, lack of food, and getting an education. there were also created several militias who had different names came from different clans, and they attacked the government’s places, like all the centers of ministries. Some Somali scholars say when they discuss that situation, "if militias or groups had a perspective to build or negotiate peace, Somalia would have stood up again, but unfortunately, they only wanted to chest Bare’sregime. That is why the Somali government threw itself into the long well.".
After serious events in the country, some families took their children to neighboring countries like Kenya and Ethiopia, while others were displaced within the country as IDPs, such as the region that didn’t happen civil war. A long time faced Somalia's situation and affected every section of lifestyle, especially the system of education.
The children had a lack of education because their parents were displaced in rural areas where they didn’t get schools. The whole country had faced a crisis. It was not easy to move from one place to another. Everyone was shocked by what was going on and asked themselves so many questions.
Here are some of the main problems that have faced children since the civil war.
1. The system of education was destroyed.
2. There is no education system for curriculum.
3. All schools provide and teach different curriculums that come from another government.
4. The Somali students were perplexed by a lack of curriculum.
5. The foreign umbrella, local NGOs, and international NGOs come and support the ex-school’s government and also the established new schools to teach students different curriculums like the system of Nigeria, Saudi Arabia, imaret, and others amongst.
6. The Somali government hadn’t recognized other countries' side of education.
7. All the systems were very weak and insecure.
8. The students learned all levels of schooling in different languages, such as English, while others were Arabic. After high school, the students who learned Arabic in primary, secondary, and high school, had difficulty adapting to university which offered a system of English.
There was a time when some of Somalia’s scholars stood up for the education of their country and they established an umbrella which was a private sector, that recorded schools and colleges, after graduating students offered certificates. That action helped many young people who hadn’t had hope for education.
The Umbrellas filled a huge gap in the country in terms of education, although they made money. One of them was called "Efpnes". They had a main office in Mogadishu, Somalia, where all the students came when they finished high school, got their certificates, and started university, despite the fact that there were few universities at that moment.
In 2002, Somalia built a system of government that was established in Jabuti. Although it wasn’t a good system of education. It was a good starting point. After that, the Somalia government system is growing slowly. In 2004, President Abdullah Yusuf came to power, and in 2009, President Shiiq Sharif also didn’t make any changes in the system of education. During those governments, the system of Somalia's education has been growing. A lot of universities, schools, and colleges have been opened, while many students have graduated from different faculties and are working in different parts of the country.
In 2020, the minister of education produced the first curriculum written in Somalia's language since the collapse. In Somalia, there are a lot of universities, all private except one, which has a government called "Jamacada Umadda". The system of education in Somalia right now is very efficient and recognizes other countries. Several students go outside of the country every year and get masters' degrees, but that doesn’t mean Somalia is still suffering from a poor system of education. It happens everywhere in the world. Those who are interested in studying abroad, that does not mean they come from poor countries.
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